Liability Insurance in the Era of Autonomous Vehicles: A Comparative Study between the UK Autonomous Vehicles Act and the UAE Legal Framework

Abstract

In light of the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence technologies, autonomous vehicles are increasingly becoming part of the global transportation landscape, signaling an imminent revolution that is set to reshape this vital industry. With this transformation, the motor insurance industry is expected to undergo a fundamental shift, given the unique nature of these vehicles that rely on AI systems instead of traditional human drivers. Although vehicle insurance remains a legal necessity, the technological characteristics of autonomous vehicles demand a reassessment of current legal and insurance frameworks.

Legally, some countries—such as the United Arab Emirates, particularly the Emirate of Dubai—have begun implementing legislation to regulate the operation of autonomous vehicles in response to the anticipated changes in transport infrastructure. On the insurance front, companies face a major challenge in adapting their services to this new reality and in developing innovative insurance models capable of addressing the emerging "technological risks" resulting from the use of AI-based driving systems.

The central issue lies in understanding the extent of this technology's impact on the future of the insurance industry: Will it undermine traditional insurance practices or open up new opportunities? Additional questions are raised regarding the effectiveness of existing systems in assigning legal responsibility for accidents, especially in the absence of human drivers. The study calls for innovative legal and technological solutions, drawing on the experiences of several advanced countries, to establish a comprehensive framework that aligns with this fundamental shift.